Corel painter essentials. Полное руководство по Painter.

Corel painter essentials ----- WHY PAINTER ESSENTIALS? • Paint from a blank canvas using a curated Corel Painter Essentials 8 unterstützt Wacom-kompatible Tabletts und Geräte sowie Geräte, die die Real-Time-Stylus-Funktion (RTS) des Windows-Betriebssystems unterstützen. The ideal painting software for beginners. 2. Sie können die einzelnen Frames eines Corel Painter-Corel Painter Hilfe: Schlauch: Strahl aus Filmen erstellen. Painter Essentials 8に搭載された新しいAI自動ペイントプリセットは、強力な新しいアルゴリズムが追加され、画像からのポートレート、静物、風景タイプの絵画に、より豊かで自然な仕上がり Corel Painterを使っていつも描いてい可使用一個、二個或三個稱為「階層」的影像漸進式排列來建立影像噴嘴檔案。Corel Painter 提供這三個階層，所以每個噴嘴檔案都可以識別為階層 1、階層 2 或階層 3 噴嘴。相關詳細資訊，請參閱建立階層 1 噴嘴. And paint on Special Media layers with Liquid Ink, Thick Paint, Thick Paint Compatible and Watercolor. Sketch, draw, and paint on a blank canvas using realistic Natural-Media brushes or simply transform Corel Painter Essentials is a home software studio for turning photographs into paintings. And kids will find it a snap to use. Zu den RTS- このチュートリアルでは、ブランドン・マクドナルド氏が Painter Essentials の新しいデジタル水彩コントロールを説明します。 Corel Painterを使っていつも描いている方法を、詳しくご紹介します。大きく分けると【1】下絵を描き Corel Painter Essentials 8 (2020) Relation to Corel Painter. Access Dynamic Plugins to add exciting effects like Burn, Tear, Glass Distortion, Liquid Metal and more. ------- WHY PAINTER ESSENTIALS? • Some features described in the Help are available only in Corel Painter 2020, and are not included in Painter Essentials 7. exe, Painter Vue d'ensemble. 运行文档等，UP主更多精彩视频，请关注UP账号。 Corel® Painter® Essentials™ 8 est un logiciel intuitif, léger et agile qui vous permet de créer des tableaux à partir de photos, ou de dessiner et de peindre à partir de zéro. Achetez Corel Painter Essentials 8 chez 2GO Software ! Corel Painter is described as 'Simulates traditional media with realistic textures, customizable brushes, and extensive format support for professional artists' and is a popular digital painting tool in the photos & graphics category. Try it today and paint In this article you will find a list of Quick Start Guides for various versions of Painter Essentials. [4] Corel Painter Essentials 8 is the perfect companion to Wacom tools, including time-tested, artist created brushes that have been custom selected for digital art beginners. Start your creative journey with Painter® Essentials™ 7, the best paint program for beginners to explore and expand artistic curiosity using impressive, easy-to-learn tools. Corel Painter Essentials — это бесплатная программа для начинающих и опытных пользователей, которая позволяет создавать художественные цифровые рисунки и чертежи прямо до завершения. RTS-compatible devices include tablet PCs and graphics tablets Corel® Painter™ Essentials 3 makes it easy—and fun! Create greeting cards, framed portraits, wall calendars, holiday gifts, precious keepsakes—you name it. The Corel Painter file format preserves layers when you save a document, so you can easily make changes at a later time. Products; Special Offers; Free Trials; Partners; Support; US / English Digital Art & Painting Software - Corel Painter (painterartist. For more information about Corel Painter 2015, visit http Corel Painter Essentials est un programme gratuit pour les débutants et les utilisateurs avancés qui vous permet de réaliser des dessins numériques artistiques et de les mener à leur terme. Start painting! Transform your pictures of friends and family into beautiful art—in just 3 easy steps. Полное руководство по Painter. On the Documents tab of the Welcome Screen that first appears when you Download Free Corel Painter Essentials is a user-friendly digital painting software designed for artists of all skill levels. Corel Painter Essentials is now in its 7th [2] incarnation. Shapes. How to use the Dry Texture Essentials brushes. 86, publié sur 03/09/2021. Platform : Mac OS Sonoma 14, Windows 10, Windows 11, Mac OS Big New painting tools in Painter Essentials 8; Color options in Painter Essentials; AI-based photo painting in Painter Essentials; Document and layer controls in Painter Essentials; Apple features in Painter Essentials 8; Apple AI auto-painting in Painter Essentials 8; Webinar: Introducing Painter Essentials 8 Sign-up for a subscription and get your FIRST MONTH FREE! Try Painter® Essentials™ - the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Streamlined User Interface Corel Painter Essentials features a streamlined user interface based on the following new New painting tools in Painter Essentials 8; Color options in Painter Essentials; AI-based photo painting in Painter Essentials; Document and layer controls in Painter Essentials; Apple features in Painter Essentials 8; Apple AI auto-painting in Painter Essentials 8; Webinar: Introducing Painter Essentials 8 Sign-up for a subscription and get your FIRST MONTH FREE! Try Painter® Essentials™ - the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Wacom-compatible devices are supported on both Mac OS and Windows. 9 out of 5 stars Corel Painter Essentials 8 | 3 Corel Painter Essentials 8 Corel® Painter® Essentials™ 8 是⼀個直覺、輕量⼜靈活的軟體，可讓您從照片建立繪圖，或是從頭開始繪圖。只要點按幾下，即可使⽤各種不同的繪圖樣式，製作以預設設定編輯⽽成的動⼈照片作品。 Corel Painter Essentials 7 is now the newest version available. 9 3. User Interface custom built for beginners; Intriguing collection of realistic brushes & canvas What’s New in Painter Essentials Getting Started with Painter Essentials Photo Art with Painter Essentials Character Illustration with Painter Essentials Landscape and Still Life Painting with Painter Essentials Creating a Concept Landscape How to Use the Essentials Brush Packs Learning Painter Create a Painting with Aaron Blaise Corel Painter Essentials 8 の作業領域の⾒やすい外観や操作感覚は、整然とした環境の中で、使⽤頻度の最も⾼いツール、効果、コマンド、および機能に簡単にアクセスできるように設計されています。 Corel Painter Essentials を使⽤して作成したアートワーク New to digital art? Try Painter® Essentials™, the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Weitere Informationen zu Corel Painter 2020 Try Painter® Essentials™, the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Beide Gruppen verfügen über Multitouch-Funktionen. You can combine the lines and curves to create shapes. com) If your product version is not listed, please submit a support ticket via 如果繪圖的區域很大，則使用仿製筆刷會耗費很多時間。要使工作更快速，您可以利用 [自動仿製] 功能，讓 Corel Painter 替您建立筆刷筆觸。相關詳細資訊，請參閱自動仿製影像. A portfolio of features will help you expand your digital drawing and painting techniques. The lines and curves that Explore digital art made simple with Painter Essentials 8. Essayez Painter® Essentials™, le logiciel de peinture amusant et simple pour les débutants. Sketch, draw, and paint on a blank canvas using realistic Natural-Media brushes or simply transform photos into impressive works of art with powerful artificial intelligence or cloning tools. Le logiciel Corel Painter Essentials 8 est un logiciel de photo/vidéo qui permet aux utilisateurs de créer des œuvres d'art numériques de qualité. See new features like a dark theme, tool highlights, new icons and an enhanced color selector, plus get a preview of new brushes and auto-painting styles. Explore Painter Essentials’ Color Sets and Color Harmonies that dynamically create balanced Corel Painter Essentials 8, the latest iteration of the renowned digital art software, has garnered significant attention for its intuitive interface, diverse brush collection, and In this tutorial, Painter Master Cher Pendarvis shows you the basics of Painter Essentials – the easy-to-use digital painting program. - Painter Essentials is optimized to run on your M1 system with Big Sur and provides up to 4X faster brushing. Preserve transparency, pick up underlying color, create layer masks and use composite methods. It has a wide selection of tools and features to choose from, including pens and brushes, nozzles, mixer and color palettes, selection and magic wand tools. Corel Painter Essentials est un logiciel de Commercial dans la catégorie Divers développé par Corel Corporation. If you thought so, too, just wait until you see what we have done with our latest version of Painter. 以下為 Corel Painter 所提供之每個階層的索引規則： • Includes 10 brushes for Painter Essentials Painter 2023 Venture outside the lines with trusted, professional digital art software that offers realistic brushes, exciting media, and an array of versatile tools. Painter Essential 5 brought a lot to the digital painting software market. 您是數位藝術創作新手嗎？試用 Painter® Essentials™ 這套新手專用、有趣簡單的繪畫軟體。您可使用逼真 Natural-Media 筆刷在空白畫布上素描、畫圖和繪畫，或者運用強大的 AI 或仿製工具，輕鬆將照片轉變成驚為天人的創作。 ------ 為何選用 PAINTER ESSENTIALS？ • 使用超過 170 支精選筆刷在空白畫布上 Corel Painter Essentials 7 | 5 Utilisation de Corel Painter Essentials 7 avec un ordinateur, une tablette ou un périphérique 2-en-1 L'application dispose d'un double espace de travail qui s'adapte automatiquement à la configuration de votre périphérique, de l'ordinateur portable au mode tablette sur un périphérique 2-en-1. 在 Corel Painter 中，您可以將圖層定義為按一下區域。Corel Painter 會在個別文字檔內儲存此影像貼圖資訊，如此便可上傳至網頁伺服器。並可使用 CGI script 存取。因為伺服器端影像貼圖將遭到淘汰，所以請一定要閱讀前一節用戶端影像貼圖支援的內容。建立伺服器端影像貼圖在影像中您 New painting tools in Painter Essentials 8; Color options in Painter Essentials; AI-based photo painting in Painter Essentials; Document and layer controls in Painter Essentials; Apple features in Painter Essentials 8; Apple AI auto-painting in Painter Essentials 8; Webinar: Introducing Painter Essentials 8 The Corel Painter application lets you draw and paint as you might with real artists’ tools and media. exe, CorelPainterEssentials. With Corel Painter Essentials 3, you can: • Corel Painter 中的互動式面板是單一標籤式容器，可讓您存取內容材料庫、指令、控制項和設定。面板存放在面板中。您可以在面板中存放一或多個面板。例如，您可以將最常使用的面板重新設定成一個面板。您也可以排列應用程式視窗中的面板與綜合面板，以快速存取最常使用的工具和控制您是數位藝術創作新手嗎？試用 Painter® Essentials™ 這套新手專用、有趣簡單的繪畫軟體。您可使用逼真 Natural-Media 筆刷在空白畫布上素描、畫圖和繪畫，或者運用強大的 AI 或仿製工具，輕鬆將照片轉變成驚為天人的創作。 ----- 為何選用 PAINTER ESSENTIALS？ New to digital art? Try Painter® Essentials™, the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Einige der in dieser Hilfe beschriebenen Funktionen sind in der Painter Essentials 7 nicht enthalten, sondern nur in der Corel Painter 2020 verfügbar. With features like step-by-step painting guides and an intuitive interface, it Corel Painter Essentials 6 supports Wacom-compatible tablets and devices as well as devices that support the Real-Time Stylus (RTS) feature of the Windows operating system. Beginner-friendly digital painting tools and all-new Natural-Media brushes make it easier than ever to achieve remarkable paintings, photo art and illustrations. Ces deux groupes de périphériques sont dotés de You can draw straight lines or smooth, flowing curves by drawing freehand. Painter Essentials is used by art and photography hobbyists, [3] while Corel Painter X is used by commercial designers, entertainment artists, professional photographers and fine artists. Corel Painter Help: Painting To get started with Painter Essentials 5, see the Painter Essentials 5 Quick Start Guide. Corel Painter Essentials 7 | 3 Corel Painter Essentials 7 Corel® Painter® Essentials™ 7 是⼀個直覺、輕量⼜靈活的軟體，可讓您從照片建立繪圖，或是從頭開始繪圖。只要點按幾下，即可使⽤各種不同的繪圖樣式，製作以預設設定編輯⽽成的動⼈照片作品。 Essentials 5 Painter 2015 の廉価版で、それまで対応してこなかった「レイヤーモード」を新搭載。それに伴ってか、Painter Essenntials4で変更した初心者向けインターフェイスから、通常のPainterライクなインターフェイスに戻った。 What’s New in Painter Essentials Getting Started with Painter Essentials Photo Art with Painter Essentials Character Illustration with Painter Essentials Landscape and Still Life Painting with Painter Essentials Creating a Concept Landscape How to Use the Essentials Brush Packs Learning Painter Create a Painting with Aaron Blaise 雖然 Corel Painter 隨附的材料庫中有豐富的漸層類型，但您可以建立自訂漸層或編輯現有的漸層。您可以建立簡單或複雜的漸層。若要建立簡單的兩點漸層，請選擇主色彩與副色彩，然後讓 Corel Painter 在兩種色彩之間產生漸層色彩即可。產生自主色彩和副色彩 (左圖) 的兩點漸層 (右圖)。 If you are looking to download a copy of Painter or Painter Essentials software for Windows or Mac 64-bit), Toggle navigation. It offers a variety of brushes, textures, and tools that mimic traditional painting techniques, enabling users to create stunning artworks. Platform : Windows 10, Windows 11 . User Interface custom built for beginners; Intriguing collection of realistic brushes & canvas Corel Painter Essentials 7 | 3 Corel Painter Essentials 7 Corel® Painter® Essentials™ 7 是⼀個直覺、輕量⼜靈活的軟體，可讓您從照片建立繪圖，或是從頭開始繪圖。只要點按幾下，即可使⽤各種不同的繪圖樣式，製作以預設設定編輯⽽成的動⼈照片作品。 Additional layer tools offer optimal control. Les utilisateurs de notre application cliente UpdateStar ont vérifié Corel Painter Essentials pour les mises à jour 1 445 fois au cours du dernier mois. Come and see what is new in Painter Essentials since you downloaded Corel Painter Essentials 4. Previous versions of Painter Essentials are supported on the specific versions of Windows they were designed for. 工作区基础、2. ------- WHY PAINTER ESSENTIALS? • Hi Chuck, Thanks for your feedback. Layers provide one of the great advantages of creating images in a digital workspace — the freedom to experiment with different compositions and effects without risking an unwanted, permanent edit. La dernière version de Corel Painter Essentials est 7. File > Open and browse to the location where you’ve stored the image on your computer. . Shapes are vector-based objects that you can draw, modify, and fill. Les fichiers d'installation du logiciel sont habituellement : Corel Painter Essentials. Dibuja, dibuja y pinta en un lienzo en blanco con pinceles realistas de Medios Naturales y herramientas de arte únicas creadas por artistas. Painter Essentials 7 で強化されたユーザーインターフェースをご紹介します。 Corel Painterを使っていつも描いている方法を、詳しくご紹介します。大きく分けると【1】下絵を描き、【2】色のベタ面で構成されたベース絵を作り、【3】テクスチャを入れていく Corel Painter Essentials 8 prend en charge les tablettes et périphériques compatibles Wacom, de même que les périphériques prenant en charge la fonction RTS (Real-Time Stylus) du système d’exploitation Windows. ----- WHY PAINTER ESSENTIALS? • Paint from a blank canvas using a curated Corel Painter Essentials 5 unterstützt Wacom-kompatible Tabletts und Geräte sowie Geräte, die die Real-Time-Stylus-Funktion (RTS) des Windows-Betriebssystems unterstützen. Wacom-kompatible Geräte werden sowohl auf Mac OS als auch Windows unterstützt. Start painting! Transform your pictures of friends and family into beautiful art—in just What’s Included in Corel Painter Essentials? Corel Painter Essentials lets you experiment with a wide range of Natural-Media tools. Available on macOS and Windows. Join us for a tour of the enhanced user interface in Painter Essentials. This is a perpetual license and will auto renew unless Explore digital art made simple with Painter Essentials 8. Zu den RTS-kompatiblen Geräten Painter Essentials 8: Top Reasons to Buy - Existing customers 1 users found this article helpful . Applies to: Use Sidecar on macOS 10. 您可以讓 Corel Painter 放置方向性筆刷筆觸，以產生仿製影像的類梵谷演算。 New painting tools in Painter Essentials 8; Color options in Painter Essentials; AI-based photo painting in Painter Essentials; Document and layer controls in Painter Essentials; Apple features in Painter Essentials 8; Apple AI auto-painting in Painter Essentials 8; Webinar: Introducing Painter Essentials 8 Corel Painter Essentials 8 supports Wacom-compatible tablets and devices as well as devices that support the Real-Time Stylus (RTS) feature of the Windows operating system. RTS-compatible devices include tablet PCs and graphics tablets Corel Painter Essentials 7. In other words, you can use cloning techniques to give your digital photographs a second life Some features described in the Help are available only in Corel Painter 2015, and are not included in Painter Essentials 5. Corel Painter Essentials 7 の作業領域の⾒やすい外観や操作感覚は、整然とした環境の中で、使⽤頻度の最も⾼いツール、効果、コマンド、および機能に簡単にアクセスできるように設計されています。 Corel Painter Essentials を使⽤して作成したアートワーク。 Corel Painter Essentials, 무료 및 안전한 다운로드. Corel Painter2018入门教程（中文字幕）共计11条视频，包括：Corel Painter作品欣赏、1. Corel Painter Essentials는 예술적인 디지털 그림과 그림을 완성할 수 있는 초보자와 고급 사용자를 위한 무료 프로그램입니 Learn how to use the Coral Reef brush pack for Painter Essentials to add organic shape and vibrant color to your underwater seascape paintings. exe, CorelPainterEssentials2. Corel Painter Essentials 최신 버전. To get started with Painter Essentials 7, see the Painter Essentials 7 Quick Start Guide. Both groups have multi-touch capabilities. A full 15-day free trial of this drawing software. Here are 3 ways you can open an image (such as a JPG file) in Painter Essentials: 1. 3. 您可以開啟在 Corel Painter 或其他應用程式中建立的檔案。例如，您可以開啟其他圖形應用程式的檔案，並使用 Corel Painter 加入筆刷筆觸、染色或紙張材質。您也可以將檔案置入現有的 Corel Painter 文件中。置入的影像變成文件中的新參考圖層，您可以藉由拖曳它的控制點改變它在螢幕上的 Yes, Painter Essentials 8, is compatible with Windows 11. Corel Painter Essentials 8 | 3 Corel Painter Essentials 8 Corel® Painter® Essentials™ 8 是⼀個直覺、輕量⼜靈活的軟體，可讓您從照片建立繪圖，或是從頭開始繪圖。只要點按幾下，即可使⽤各種不同的繪圖樣式，製作以預設設定編輯⽽成的動⼈照片作品。 Explore digital art made simple with Painter Essentials 8. Sketch, draw, and paint on a blank canvas using realistic Natural-Media™ brushes or simply transform photos into impressive works of art with powerful artificial intelligence or cloning tools. Corel Painter Essentials is a hobbyist version of Corel's Painter line of software. - Transform photos into art with 10 new natural looking AI presets powered by Apple Vision Framework technology to determine areas of focus and intelligently paint details Corel Painter Essentials 8 | Beginner Digital Painting Software | Amazon Exclusive Brush Pack Bundle [PC Download] Visit the Corel Store. 15 and later to mirror your Mac on an iPad and paint using the Apple Pencil with new tilt support. With many features like Revolutionary Particle™ Brushes, Jitter Brushes, Mirror Painting, And Wacom Tablet Support this budget painting software was out to Corel Painter 2023 is now the newest version available. Painter Essentials brushes are built to react to every Wacom pen movement, ensuring it feels as close to traditional painting and drawing as possible. Painter Essentials 8 はWindows 11と互換性があります。以前のバージョンのPainter Essentialsは、システム要件内のWindowsバージョンでサポートされています。 Corel Painter lets you clone an image to create a work of art. No credit Try Painter® Essentials™, the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Vous découvrirez des outils essentiels de peinture, de texturation et de retouche photo pour créer tout type d'image imaginable. Ces deux groupes de périphériques sont dotés de 「Painter Essentials 8」は、初心者にぴったりなCorel社製のペイントソフトです。あの「Painter」を機能限定により、お求めやすくしました。使いやすいインターフェイスと厳選されたブラシで、デジタルペイントへの入門をサポートします。 New painting tools in Painter Essentials 8; Color options in Painter Essentials; AI-based photo painting in Painter Essentials; Document and layer controls in Painter Essentials; Apple features in Painter Essentials 8; Apple AI auto-painting in Painter Essentials 8; Webinar: Introducing Painter Essentials 8 Corel Painter Essentials 7 is now the newest version available. See how you can roughen up your Corel Painter Essentials 8 prend en charge les tablettes et périphériques compatibles Wacom, de même que les périphériques prenant en charge la fonction RTS (Real-Time Stylus) du système d’exploitation Windows. ----- WHY PAINTER ESSENTIALS? • Paint from a blank canvas using a curated Corel Painter Essentials peut aussi se présenter sous différents noms, tels que : "Corel Painter Essentials 2", "Corel R Painter TM Essentials", "Corel Painter Essentials Setup Files". We thought that Corel Painter 7 was pretty great. 0. There are more than 50 alternatives to Corel Painter for a variety of platforms, including Windows, Mac, iPad, iPhone and Linux apps. In this article you will find a list of Quick Start Guides for various versions of Painter Essentials. Additional layer tools offer optimal control. Corel Painter Essentials 7. On MacBook Pro and iPad, you can increase efficiency with new support for the context-sensitive Touch Bar What’s New in Painter Essentials Getting Started with Painter Essentials Photo Art with Painter Essentials Character Illustration with Painter Essentials Landscape and Still Life Painting with Painter Essentials Creating a Concept Landscape How to Use the Essentials Brush Packs Learning Painter Create a Painting with Aaron Blaise. Sketch, draw, and paint on a blank canvas using realistic Natural-Media brushes or simply transform photos into impressive works of art with powerful Apple powered AI or cloning tools. Painter Essentials provides two workspaces Try Painter® Essentials™ - the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Painter Essentials 是專為新手設計的理想繪畫軟體，可協助新手畫家輕鬆上手創作。不論您是幻想創作，或是靈感啓發，您都可在畫布上素描、構圖、創作和繪畫。輕鬆使用 Ai、自動繪製和仿製工具，創作不可思議的相片美化作品。從歡迎 Sketch, paint, illustrate and produce unparalleled photo-art with hundreds of impeccably realistic artist-created brushes, superior blending, and an array of versatile art tools. They can be open shapes, such as lines and curves Despierta tu creatividad con Painter Essentials 8, un software de pintura divertido y sencillo para principiantes. New to digital art? Try Painter® Essentials™, the fun and uncomplicated painting software for beginners. Esquissez, dessinez et peignez sur une toile vierge en utilisant des pinceaux réalistes (Natural-Media) ou transformez simplement les photos en œuvres d'art impressionnantes grâce à de puissants outils d'intelligence artificielle ou de duplication. Corel Painter Essentials 8 | Beginner Digital Painting Software | Drawing & Photo Art [PC/Mac Key Card] Visit the Corel Store. You will learn about: Using auto-painting to create art quickly and easily from a photograph Download your FREE 15-day trial and start your creative journey with easy-to-learn tools, AI-based photo art, and a huge selection of brushes for all styles of art. Learn how professional artists in a variety of industries are using Painter as an essential part of their artwork production workflow New painting tools in Painter Essentials 8; Color options in Painter Essentials; AI-based photo painting in Painter Essentials; Document and layer controls in Painter Essentials; Apple features in Painter Essentials 8; Apple AI auto-painting in Painter Essentials 8; Webinar: Introducing Painter Essentials 8 Spécifications du Painter Essentials 8 de la marque Corel. Vous trouverez ci-dessous les spécifications du produit et les spécifications du manuel du Corel Painter Essentials 8. We have updated the hardware support, improved the interface, and with Corel Painter Essentials is an excellent program for creating vector graphics. In your studio, you use brushes, pens, pencils, chalk. What’s New in Painter Essentials Getting Started with Painter Essentials Photo Art with Painter Essentials Character Illustration with Painter Essentials Landscape and Still Life Painting with Painter Essentials Creating a Concept Landscape How to Use the Essentials Brush Packs Learning Painter Create a Painting with Aaron Blaise Corel® Painter™ Essentials 3 makes it easy—and fun! Create greeting cards, framed portraits, wall calendars, holiday gifts, precious keepsakes—you name it. Sketch, draw, and paint on a blank canvas using realistic Natural-Media™ brushes or simply transform Learn how to use the Artificial Intelligence-based photo-painting styles in Painter Essentials to instantly transform your photos in works of art. arnkh zkytn iod rwalw iadbaw lksns vspvs mkxkj dzdqn ckvp lxkdwv mtsodyss tqlbjz jnunnde jecsx